The Influence of Dental Hygiene Student’s Communication Ability and Conflict Management Types on Adaptation to College Life / 치위생과학회지

Background@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dental hygiene students’ communication ability and conflict management types on adaptation to college life improve adaptation to college life and to suggest strategies to play a role as a professional dental hygienist in clinical practice. @*Methods@#The subjects of this study were selected by random sample extraction of dental hygiene students from two colleges in Gyeonggi and one Chungcheong area. The survey was conducted online for dental hygiene students from July 20 to October 31, 2020. In order to comply with research ethics, this study was investigated with the consent of the subjects. The sample was analyzed for the final 351. @*Results@#Dental hygiene students’ communication ability was 3.74 points, conflict management types was 3.01 points, and adaptation to college life was 3.30 points. In the type of conflict management according to the general characteristics, the problem-solving method, the avoidance method, the compromise method, and the concession method showed statistically significant differences in major satisfaction. Among the types of conflict management, the highest positive correlation (r=0.613) was shown in the relationship between the problem-solving method and the compromise method. Factors influencing the adaptation to college life were concentration, forced method, self-disclosure, conversational coherence, and social relaxation. @*Conclusion@#This study is significant in that it derives sub-areas of communication ability and conflict management types that influence adaptation to college life. In the future, there is a need to improve the quality of dental hygienists by continuously conducting research on the types of conflict management targeting dental hygienists, and responding more proactively and actively to conflict situations in the clinical field.

Analysis of Difference in Importance and Need for Basic Core Competence of Clinical Dental Hygienists / 치위생과학회지

Background@#The objective of this study is to investigate the needs and importance of basic core competencies required for future society by dental hygienists’ viewpoints who are working in the clinical practices and to provide the fundamental data to develop the educational programs based on the competencies in the 21st century so as to enhance their working capability. @*Methods@#A total of 38 questionnaires were used in this study, 3 questionnaires on the general characteristics (age, service years, main job functions) and those in 11 sub-factors of basic core competencies including 4 questionnaires on creativity, 3 on collaboration, 3 on communication, 3 on interpersonal relationship, 3 on problem-solving, 4 on resource control, 4 on selfcontrol and development, 2 on vocational ethics, 3 on knowledge information utilization, 3 on global mind, and 3 on emotional intelligence. Self-reported survey was conducted in the dental hygienists who were working in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province and a total of 195 data were analyzed. @*Results@#Vocational ethics, communication, and collaboration showed the highest on both importance and needs with 4.49 points and 4.34; 4.41 and 4.28; and 4.39 and 4.22, respectively, while global mind showed the lowest with 3.51 and 3.59. Upon Importance-Performance Analysis, 7 items were defined to require maintain the status including vocational ethics, communication, collaboration, interpersonal relationship, self-control, emotional intelligence, and problem-solving while 4 items with lower priority were resource control and development, knowledge information utilization, creativity, and global mind. @*Conclusion@#Based on this study results that suggested the basic core competencies of dental hygienists in alignment with their jobs in the future society, competitive dental hygienists should be developed with the educational programs applied with these competencies.

Study of Clinical Practice Standardization in Dental Hygiene / 치위생과학회지

There are 82 dental hygiene departments and clinical training institutes across the country with a very wide range of clinical practice content and evaluation methods, making standardization difficult. Therefore, there is a need to establish a standard protocol outlining clinical practice content and evaluation methods for systematic and efficient operation of clinical practice. Thus, this study attempted to propose such a protocol for standardization of dental hygiene clinical practice in dental clinics and hospitals to examine the contents of clinical practice by reviewing relevant literature, and relating it to professional practice within the dental hygienic curriculum to facilitate enhancement of expertise. Clinical practice content was extracted from 74 cases, and was consisted of classifying mandatory and optional clinical practice, training time, and activity methods for each component. To standardize effective clinical practice, it is necessary to organize the components acquired in the course of clinical dentistry training in line with their arrangement on each university's curriculum, in order to learn all components step by step. To do this, it is necessary to present a standardized clinical practice protocol and a organic cooperation between educational institutions and clinical training institutions.

Factors Related to the Unmet Dental Care Needs of Adults with Dental Pain / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine unmet dental care needs and related factors among adults in Korea. The study included a nationally representative sample of Koreans (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2104). The dependent variable was unmet dental care need and the independent variables were socioeconomic status and oral health status. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the associations between explanatory variables and unmet dental care needs. The major causes of unmet dental care needs included economic burden, work life, and academic reasons; in addition, dental treatment was considered to have lower priority. The factors that had statistically significant relationships with unmet dental care needs were sex, age, self-rated oral health status, and difficulty in mastication. The findings of the study, suggest a need for lower dental insurance copayments in keeping with the policies and principles aimed at strengthening the national health insurance system. In addition, groups with limited access to dental services should be identified, and effective health care policies and services should be established for these individuals.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with corticosteroid induced acute gut injury and bacterial translocation in rat / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Use of corticosteroid appears to increase the risk of upper gastrosintestinal side effects associated with NSAIDs. But, there is no study for the effects of these drugs to NSAID induced small intestinal damage. Therefore, we examed the effects of corticosteroid to NSAID induced enteropathy and bacterial translocation. METHODS: Rat received no drug, NSAID alone (diclofenac 80 mg/kg per os), corticosteroid alone (dexamethasone 5 mg/kg intraperitoneal, 2 times) or NSAID with corticosteroid. Amounts of food intakes, body weight, intestinal permeability, enteric aerobic bacterial counts in small and large intestine, serum biochemical profiles, and pathologic findings of ileum were measured. Cultures of the mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as liver, spleen and systemic blood were taken. RESULTS: Diclofenac or dexamethasone alone administration caused gut barrier damage, enteric bacterial overgrowth and increased bacterial translocation. The supplements with dexamethasone increased NSAID induced gut barrier damage, villous atrophy, enteric bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen and systemic blood. Also, these increased diclofenac induced body weight loss, but not hypoproteinemia. CONCLUSION: Corticosteroid increase NSAID induced body weight loss, gut barrier dysfunction, villous atrophy, enteric bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation in experimental animals.

The changes of intestinal permeability in patients with obstructive biliary disease / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Gut barrier dysfunction occurs in experimental models and humans of obstructive biliary disease. This phenomenon promotes infectious complications including bacterial translocation and intestinal endotoxemia. The aims of this study were to examine correlations between gut barrier dysfunction and clinical characteristics in obstructive biliary disease. METHODS: The intestinal permeability were measured in 18 normal healthy controls, 20 patients with cholestasis caused by benign disease and 23 of them with cholestasis caused by malignant disease (common bile duct cancer; 16, pancreatic head cancer; 5) by measuring 24 hour urine excretion of 51Cr-EDTA (51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). RESULTS: The increase in intestinal permeability in malignant cholestatic disease was more higher than benign cholestatic disease (p<0.05). The increase in intestinal permeability showed significant correlation with shortening of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time (p<0.05). No significant correlation was found between the increase in intestinal permeability and pancreatitis, inflammation or liver function including the changes of serum bilirubin level in patients with obstructive biliary disease. CONCLUSION: The increase in intestinal permeability in obstructive biliary disease was more in malignant cholestatic disease than benign cholestatic disease. Activation of coagulation may be predictive factor for gut barrier dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice.

Effect of bovine colostrum on the bacterial translocation and intestinal endotoxemia in 5-fluorouracil treated rats / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Antitumor drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are known to induce intestinal damages and bacterial translocation. The present studies examined whether or not bovine colostrum protects against gut barrier damage, bacterial translocation and endotoxemia from these antitumor drugs. METHODS: Rat received either no drug, chemotherapy alone (5-FU, 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection) or bovine colostrum (4 g/day per os) for 5 days prior to 5-FU and for 5 days afterward. Intestinal permeability, enteric aerobic bacterial counts, serum albumin and protein levels, and pathologic findings of ileum were measured. Bacterial translocation to systemic blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen were measured. Systemic plasma endotoxin levels were quantified by the chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) technique. RESULTS: 5-FU increase intestinal permeability and plasma endotoxin levels, and decreased serum levels of total protein and albumin. Also 5-FU induced bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen, not to systemic blood, but did not induce changes of enteric bacterial numbers and mucosal damages of small intestine. Combined administration of bovine colostrum with 5-FU reduced an increase in intestinal permeability and declines in serum albumin and protein levels by 5-FU. Bovine colostrum supplements also reduced bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen, and endotoxemia. CONCLUSION: Bovine colostrums may beneficial effects in preventing 5-FU induced gut barrier damage, bacterial translocation and intestinal endotoxemia.

Effects of bovine colostrum in diclofenac induced gut injured rat model / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed medicine but induce damage throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract including small intestine with protein and blood loss. Impaired epithelial barrier function, overgrowth of luminal bacteria and others have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NSAID induced enteropathy. Colostrum is a first milk produced after birth and is particularly rich in growth factors, immunoglobulins and antimicrobial peptides. The present study aimed to exam whether defatted bovine colostrum reduce small intestinal injury caused by diclofenac in the animals. METHODS: 64 rats were utilized in four groups; control group, diclofenac group, diclofenac with 5% colostrum group and diclofenac with 10% colostrum group. The animals with colostrum were fed with 5% or 10% colostral solution for 5 days before diclofenac administration. Small intestinal injury was induced by administering a single dose of diclofenac (50 mg/kg subcutaneously). Epithelial permeability, enteric aerobic bacterial counts, serum albumin and protein levels, and pathologic findings of distal ileum were measured. RESULTS: Diclofenac caused marked increase in intestinal permeability, enteric bacterial numbers and intestinal villous damage, and declines in serum levels of total protein and albumin. Co-administration of bovine colostrum reduced intestinal permeability and enteric bacterial numbers, declines in serum albumin and protein levels, and mucosal damage of small intestine induced by diclofenac. CONCLUSION: Bovine colostrums may have beneficial effects on preventing NSAID induced small intestinal injury and bacterial translocation.

Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Viral and Alcoholic Liver Disease / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Increased intestinal permeability has been possible contributing factors to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. Moreover, it can contribute to the development of bacterial infection and intestinal endotoxemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. This study aimed to examine the difference of intestinal barrier dysfunction between alcoholic and viral liver disease patients through the comparison of the intestinal permeabilities of patients with clinical characteristics. METHODS: Intestinal permeabilities were measured in 18 healthy controls, 41 patients with alcoholic liver disease (17 cases of alcoholic liver disease without cirrhosis and 24 cases of alcoholic liver cirrhosis) and 46 patients with viral liver disease (14 cases of chronic viral hepatitis and 32 cases of viral liver cirrhosis) by measuring 24 hour urine excretion of 51Cr-EDTA. RESULTS: The intestinal permeability was significantly increased in the patients with alcoholic liver disease without cirrhosis (5.62 +/- 2.80%), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (5.29 +/- 2.48%) and viral liver cirrhosis (3.15 +/- 1.39%) compared with that in control subjects (1.99 +/- 0.53%). On the contrary, it was not increased in the patients with chronic viral hepatitis (2.05 +/- 0.57%) versus controls. The significant correlation was not found between intestinal permeability and clinical and laboratory findings. CONCLUSIONS: The intestinal permeability was elevated in patients with alcoholic liver disease compared to those with viral liver cirrhosis. The pathophysiology of liver injury secondary to intestinal epithelial damage may be different between alcoholic and viral liver diseases.

Relationship between excretion of 51Cr-EDTA and mucositis in patients with 5-FU based chemotherapy / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Administration of anticancer drugs may damage gastrointestinal epithelium, thereby increasing the permeability of the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is known that intestinal permeability test using 51Cr-EDTA is a useful test to assess the damage of intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate intestinal permeability in patients who were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy and to evaluate the relationship between the excretion of 51Cr-EDTA and the grading of mucositis. METHODS: Twenty eight patients who were treated with 5-FU based chemotherapy were chosen as study cases while 18 healthy volunteers as controls. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measurement of the urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA after oral challenge, and the National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria were used for assessing oral mucositis. RESULTS: All except 3 patients in the chemotherapy group experienced grade 1~3 stomatitis. The median value of intestinal permeability test was significantly higher in the chemotherapy group than in control group (7.61%, range 2.10-22.92 vs 2.17%, range 1.16-2.76, respectively, p<0.001). The grading of oral mucositis did correlate with the urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA (p<0.001, r=0.867). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of 51Cr-EDTA excretion after oral challenge may be a useful test for evaluating the intestinal permeability by chemotherapy induced intestinal mucosal damage. Testing of intestinal permeability using 51Cr-EDTA may be applicable to evaluate the effect of therapeutic trials in patients with chemotherapy induced mucositis.